Adrenal Review: Hormonal Axes, Steroids and Emergencies | Part 2 | 腎上腺 | OET Music

Dr Allison Lu · Pip & Barnaby · Medical English

本頁提供本曲完整英文歌詞與影片搭配的繁中醫學提示。歌詞保留原演唱文字;遇到過度簡化或舊門檻,請搭配下方提示與原始資料閱讀。這是概念學習材料,不替代個別醫療評估。

Lyrics · 完整歌詞

Chronic glucocorticoids suppress the axis and shrink the adrenals,
so abrupt withdrawal precipitates crisis.
They also lower calcium by reducing gut absorption and increasing renal loss,
so parathyroid hormone rises and bone thins.
Adrenal crisis is treated before it is proven:
intravenous hydrocortisone and rapid saline,
with cortisol and ACTH drawn but never awaited.
Phaeochromocytoma is confirmed by plasma or urinary metanephrines,
the stable metabolites of an episodic, short-lived secretion.
Alpha-blockade with phenoxybenzamine and volume expansion precede any beta-blocker,
since unopposed alpha constriction provokes hypertensive crisis.

All screening for cortisol excess bypasses the circadian rhythm:
1 mg dexamethasone overnight, 24-hour urine or late-night saliva,
never a random level.
Is renin suppressed while aldosterone is high?
Then the adrenal, not the kidney,
is driving the hypertension and the hypokalaemia.
On phaeochromocytoma, alpha-blockade and volume expansion come first;
a beta-blocker given first invites a hypertensive crisis.
Luminal sodium channels in the collecting duct obey aldosterone,
retaining sodium while potassium and hydrogen are lost.


All screening for cortisol excess bypasses the circadian rhythm:
1 mg dexamethasone overnight, 24-hour urine or late-night saliva,
never a random level.
Is renin suppressed while aldosterone is high?
Then the adrenal, not the kidney,
is driving the hypertension and the hypokalaemia.
On phaeochromocytoma, alpha-blockade and volume expansion come first;
a beta-blocker given first invites a hypertensive crisis.
Luminal sodium channels in the collecting duct obey aldosterone,
retaining sodium while potassium and hydrogen are lost.

Medical Notes · 醫學學習提示

  1. 長期類固醇可抑制下視丘垂體腎上腺軸,風險依劑量療程而異
  2. 有軸抑制者驟停可引發危象;減藥須按病情與恢復狀態規劃
  3. 類固醇可降低腸鈣吸收並影響腎鈣處理,血鈣不一定下降
  4. 骨鬆也涉及骨形成受抑制;PTH 並非必然升高
  5. 懷疑腎上腺危象即治療,不等待確診結果
  6. 即刻給氫化可體松與等張液;輸液依循環及心腎功能調整
  7. 可先留血,但抽血或檢驗都不能延誤急救
  8. 初驗用血漿游離或尿分段甲氧基腎上腺素;陽性仍需判讀
  9. 代謝物較適合偵測,但須留意採樣姿勢、藥物與壓力干擾
  10. 先充分 α 阻斷與適度補容量;β 阻斷僅在需要時加用
  11. 先用 β 阻斷可能加劇 α 血管收縮,引發危象
  12. 庫欣篩檢利用抑制反應、整日分泌或深夜節律
  13. 隔夜一毫克試驗、二十四小時尿或深夜唾液依情況選用
  14. 隨機皮質醇不適合用於庫欣症候群篩檢
  15. 腎素低且醛固酮相對偏高,支持原發性醛固酮增多症
  16. 仍須考慮藥物、血鉀、檢驗單位與臨床背景
  17. 高血壓常見,但正常血鉀不能排除原發性醛固酮增多症
  18. 嗜鉻細胞瘤先做 α 阻斷;補液量依心腎功能個別調整
  19. 尚未充分 α 阻斷前先用 β 阻斷有危象風險
  20. 醛固酮透過受體增加主細胞頂端 ENaC 活性
  21. 促進鈉回收與鉀分泌;排酸也涉及介在細胞

References